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= A brief history of Colossal Cave Adventure = = A brief history of Colossal Cave Adventure =
by Eric S. Raymond by Eric S. Raymond
Adventure is the fons et origo of all later dungeon-crawling games, Adventure is the fons et origo of all later dungeon-crawling computer
the grandaddy of interactive fiction, and one of the hallowed artifacts games, the grandaddy of interactive fiction, and one of the hallowed
of hacker folklore. artifacts of hacker folklore.
The very first version was released by Crowther in 1976, in FORTRAN on The very first version was released by Crowther in 1976, in FORTRAN on
the PDP-10 at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. (Crowther was at the time the PDP-10 at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. (Crowther was at the time
@ -114,17 +114,21 @@ There is record of one earlier dungeon-crawling game called "dnd",
written in 1974-75 on the PLATO system at University of Illinois written in 1974-75 on the PLATO system at University of Illinois
<<DND>>. This was in some ways similar to later roguelike games but <<DND>>. This was in some ways similar to later roguelike games but
not to Adventure. The designers of later roguelikes frequently site not to Adventure. The designers of later roguelikes frequently site
Adventure as an explanation, but not dnd; like PLATO itself, dnd seems Adventure as an influence, but not dnd; like PLATO itself, dnd seems
not to have become known outside of its home university until not to have become known outside of its own user community until
rediscovered by computer historians many years after Adventure rediscovered by computer historians many years after Adventure
shipped. shipped.
There was also Hunt The Wumpus <<WUMPUS>>, written by Gregory Yob in There was also Hunt The Wumpus <<WUMPUS>>, written by Gregory Yob in
1972. Though the wumpus was later included as a monster in the Nethack 1972. Though the wumpus was (much) later included as a monster in the
roguelike game, there is no evidence that Yob's original (circulated Nethack roguelike game, this was done in a spirit of conscious
in BASIC among microcomputer enthusiasts) was known to the ARPANET- and museumization well after early roguelikes. There is no evidence that
minicomputer-centered culture Crowther and Woods were part of until well Yob's original (circulated in BASIC among microcomputer enthusiasts)
after Adventure was written. was known to the ARPANET- and minicomputer-centered culture Crowther
and Woods were part of until well after Adventure was written.
Neither of these games used an attempt at a natural-language parser
even as primitive as Adventure's.
== Nomenclature == == Nomenclature ==