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= A brief history of Colossal Cave Adventure =
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= A brief history of Colossal Cave Adventure =
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by Eric S. Raymond
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by Eric S. Raymond
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Adventure is the fons et origo of all later dungeon-crawling games,
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Adventure is the fons et origo of all later dungeon-crawling computer
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the grandaddy of interactive fiction, and one of the hallowed artifacts
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games, the grandaddy of interactive fiction, and one of the hallowed
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of hacker folklore.
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artifacts of hacker folklore.
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The very first version was released by Crowther in 1976, in FORTRAN on
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The very first version was released by Crowther in 1976, in FORTRAN on
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the PDP-10 at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. (Crowther was at the time
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the PDP-10 at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. (Crowther was at the time
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@ -114,17 +114,21 @@ There is record of one earlier dungeon-crawling game called "dnd",
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written in 1974-75 on the PLATO system at University of Illinois
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written in 1974-75 on the PLATO system at University of Illinois
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<<DND>>. This was in some ways similar to later roguelike games but
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<<DND>>. This was in some ways similar to later roguelike games but
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not to Adventure. The designers of later roguelikes frequently site
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not to Adventure. The designers of later roguelikes frequently site
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Adventure as an explanation, but not dnd; like PLATO itself, dnd seems
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Adventure as an influence, but not dnd; like PLATO itself, dnd seems
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not to have become known outside of its home university until
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not to have become known outside of its own user community until
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rediscovered by computer historians many years after Adventure
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rediscovered by computer historians many years after Adventure
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shipped.
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shipped.
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There was also Hunt The Wumpus <<WUMPUS>>, written by Gregory Yob in
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There was also Hunt The Wumpus <<WUMPUS>>, written by Gregory Yob in
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1972. Though the wumpus was later included as a monster in the Nethack
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1972. Though the wumpus was (much) later included as a monster in the
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roguelike game, there is no evidence that Yob's original (circulated
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Nethack roguelike game, this was done in a spirit of conscious
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in BASIC among microcomputer enthusiasts) was known to the ARPANET- and
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museumization well after early roguelikes. There is no evidence that
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minicomputer-centered culture Crowther and Woods were part of until well
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Yob's original (circulated in BASIC among microcomputer enthusiasts)
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after Adventure was written.
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was known to the ARPANET- and minicomputer-centered culture Crowther
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and Woods were part of until well after Adventure was written.
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Neither of these games used an attempt at a natural-language parser
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even as primitive as Adventure's.
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== Nomenclature ==
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== Nomenclature ==
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