standardebooks/charles-darwin_the-origin-of-species
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/standardebooks/charles-darwin_the-origin-of-species.git synced 2025-09-06 23:27:35 -04:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

Update for epub 3.2 compatibility

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Alex Cabal 2019-05-16 23:58:57 -05:00
parent 03ce5758ce
commit afbcd3f2a1
4 changed files with 14 additions and 14 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

10
src/epub/content.opf
View file

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<meta property="schema:accessibilityFeature">tableOfContents</meta>
<meta property="schema:accessibilityHazard">none</meta>
<meta property="schema:accessibilitySummary">This publication conforms to WCAG 2.0 Level AA.</meta>
<link href="onix.xml" rel="onix-record"/>
<link href="onix.xml" media-type="application/xml" properties="onix" rel="record"/>
<dc:title id="title">The Origin of Species</dc:title>
<meta property="file-as" refines="#title">Origin of Species, The</meta>
<meta property="title-type" refines="#title">main</meta>
@ -37,18 +37,18 @@
<meta property="title-type" refines="#fulltitle">extended</meta>
<dc:subject id="subject-1">Evolution (Biology)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject id="subject-2">Natural selection</dc:subject>
<meta property="meta-auth" refines="#subject-1">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2009</meta>
<meta property="meta-auth" refines="#subject-2">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2009</meta>
<meta property="authority" refines="#subject-1">LCSH</meta>
<meta property="term" refines="#subject-1">sh90004042</meta>
<meta property="authority" refines="#subject-2">LCSH</meta>
<meta property="term" refines="#subject-2">sh85090264</meta>
<meta property="se:subject">Nonfiction</meta>
<dc:description id="description">A distinguished amateur scientist lays out the evidence for the origin of species by means of natural selection.</dc:description>
<meta property="meta-auth" refines="#description">https://standardebooks.org</meta>
<meta id="long-description" property="se:long-description" refines="#description">
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Origin of Species&lt;/i&gt; by Charles Darwin must rank as one of the most influential and consequential books ever published, initiating scientific, social and religious ferment ever since its first publication in 1859. Its full title is &lt;i&gt;The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life&lt;/i&gt;, in some editions prefaced by the word “On.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Darwin describes the book as simply an “abstract” of his ideas, which are more fully fleshed out and supported with detailed examples in his other, more scholarly works (for example, he wrote several long treatises entirely about barnacles). &lt;i&gt;The Origin of Species&lt;/i&gt; itself was intended to reach a wider audience and is written in such a way that any reasonably educated and thoughtful reader can follow Darwin’s argument that species of animals and plants are not independent creations, fixed for all time, but mutable. Species have been shaped in response to the effects of natural selection, which Darwin compares to the directed or manual selection by human breeders of domesticated animals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Origin of Species&lt;/i&gt; was eagerly taken up by the reading public, and rapidly went through several editions. This Standard Ebooks edition is based on the sixth edition published by John Murray in 1872, generally considered to be the definitive edition with many amendments and updates by Darwin himself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Origin of Species&lt;/i&gt; has never been out of print and continues to be an extremely popular work. Later scientific discoveries such as the breakthrough of DNA sequencing have refined our concept of some of Darwin’s ideas and given us a better understanding of issues he found puzzling, but the basic thrust of his theory remains unchallenged.&lt;/p&gt;
</meta>
<meta property="meta-auth" refines="#long-description">https://standardebooks.org</meta>
<dc:language>en-GB</dc:language>
<dc:source>https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2009</dc:source>
<dc:source>https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100424049</dc:source>

2
src/epub/css/core.css
View file

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ a[epub|type~="noteref"]{
vertical-align: super;
}
section[epub|type~="rearnotes"] > ol > li{
section[epub|type~="endnotes"] > ol > li{
margin: 1em 0;
}

14
src/epub/text/endnotes.xhtml
View file

@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
<link href="../css/local.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<body epub:type="backmatter z3998:non-fiction">
<section id="endnotes" epub:type="rearnotes">
<section id="endnotes" epub:type="endnotes">
<h2 epub:type="title">Endnotes</h2>
<ol>
<li id="note-1" epub:type="rearnote">
<p>Aristotle, in his <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Physicae Auscultationes</i> (lib.2, cap.8, s.2), after remarking that rain does not fall in order to make the corn grow, any more than it falls to spoil the farmer’s corn when threshed out of doors, applies the same argument to organisation; and adds (as translated by <abbr>Mr.</abbr> Clair Grece, who first pointed out the passage to me), “So what hinders the different parts (of the body) from having this merely accidental relation in nature? as the teeth, for example, grow by necessity, the front ones sharp, adapted for dividing, and the grinders flat, and serviceable for masticating the food; since they were not made for the sake of this, but it was the result of accident. And in like manner as to other parts in which there appears to exist an adaptation to an end. Wheresoever, therefore, all things together (that is all the parts of one whole) happened like as if they were made for the sake of something, these were preserved, having been appropriately constituted by an internal spontaneity; and whatsoever things were not thus constituted, perished and still perish.” We here see the principle of natural selection shadowed forth, but how little Aristotle fully comprehended the principle, is shown by his remarks on the formation of the teeth. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-1" epub:type="se:referrer">↩</a></p>
<li id="note-1" epub:type="endnote">
<p>Aristotle, in his <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Physicae Auscultationes</i> (lib.2, cap.8, s.2), after remarking that rain does not fall in order to make the corn grow, any more than it falls to spoil the farmer’s corn when threshed out of doors, applies the same argument to organisation; and adds (as translated by <abbr>Mr.</abbr> Clair Grece, who first pointed out the passage to me), “So what hinders the different parts (of the body) from having this merely accidental relation in nature? as the teeth, for example, grow by necessity, the front ones sharp, adapted for dividing, and the grinders flat, and serviceable for masticating the food; since they were not made for the sake of this, but it was the result of accident. And in like manner as to other parts in which there appears to exist an adaptation to an end. Wheresoever, therefore, all things together (that is all the parts of one whole) happened like as if they were made for the sake of something, these were preserved, having been appropriately constituted by an internal spontaneity; and whatsoever things were not thus constituted, perished and still perish.” We here see the principle of natural selection shadowed forth, but how little Aristotle fully comprehended the principle, is shown by his remarks on the formation of the teeth. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-1" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
</li>
<li id="note-2" epub:type="rearnote">
<p>I have taken the date of the first publication of Lamarck from Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire’s (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.book" xml:lang="fr">Hist. Nat. Générale</i>, tom. <span epub:type="z3998:roman">ii</span> page 405, 1859) excellent history of opinion on this subject. In this work a full account is given of Buffon’s conclusions on the same subject. It is curious how largely my grandfather, <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Erasmus Darwin, anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinion of Lamarck in his “Zoonomia” (vol. <span epub:type="z3998:roman">i</span> pages 500⁠–⁠510), published in 1794. According to Isid. Geoffroy there is no doubt that Goethe was an extreme partisan of similar views, as shown in the introduction to a work written in 1794 and 1795, but not published till long afterward; he has pointedly remarked (“Goethe als Naturforscher,” von <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Karl Meding, s. 34) that the future question for naturalists will be how, for instance, cattle got their horns and not for what they are used. It is rather a singular instance of the manner in which similar views arise at about the same time, that Goethe in Germany, <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Darwin in England, and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (as we shall immediately see) in France, came to the same conclusion on the origin of species, in the years 1794⁠–⁠5. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-2" epub:type="se:referrer">↩</a></p>
<li id="note-2" epub:type="endnote">
<p>I have taken the date of the first publication of Lamarck from Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire’s (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.book" xml:lang="fr">Hist. Nat. Générale</i>, tom. <span epub:type="z3998:roman">ii</span> page 405, 1859) excellent history of opinion on this subject. In this work a full account is given of Buffon’s conclusions on the same subject. It is curious how largely my grandfather, <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Erasmus Darwin, anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinion of Lamarck in his “Zoonomia” (vol. <span epub:type="z3998:roman">i</span> pages 500⁠–⁠510), published in 1794. According to Isid. Geoffroy there is no doubt that Goethe was an extreme partisan of similar views, as shown in the introduction to a work written in 1794 and 1795, but not published till long afterward; he has pointedly remarked (“Goethe als Naturforscher,” von <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Karl Meding, s. 34) that the future question for naturalists will be how, for instance, cattle got their horns and not for what they are used. It is rather a singular instance of the manner in which similar views arise at about the same time, that Goethe in Germany, <abbr>Dr.</abbr> Darwin in England, and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (as we shall immediately see) in France, came to the same conclusion on the origin of species, in the years 1794⁠–⁠5. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-2" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
</li>
<li id="note-3" epub:type="rearnote">
<p>From references in Bronn’s <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Untersuchungen uber die Entwickelungs-Gesetze</i>, it appears that the celebrated botanist and palaeontologist Unger published, in 1852, his belief that species undergo development and modification. Dalton, likewise, in Pander and Dalton’s work on Fossil Sloths, expressed, in 1821, a similar belief. Similar views have, as is well known, been maintained by Oken in his mystical <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Natur-Philosophie</i>. From other references in Godron’s work <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Sur l’Espece</i>, it seems that Bory <abbr class="name"><abbr>St.</abbr></abbr> Vincent, Burdach, Poiret and Fries, have all admitted that new species are continually being produced. I may add, that of the thirty-four authors named in this Historical Sketch, who believe in the modification of species, or at least disbelieve in separate acts of creation, twenty-seven have written on special branches of natural history or geology. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-3" epub:type="se:referrer">↩</a></p>
<li id="note-3" epub:type="endnote">
<p>From references in Bronn’s <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Untersuchungen uber die Entwickelungs-Gesetze</i>, it appears that the celebrated botanist and palaeontologist Unger published, in 1852, his belief that species undergo development and modification. Dalton, likewise, in Pander and Dalton’s work on Fossil Sloths, expressed, in 1821, a similar belief. Similar views have, as is well known, been maintained by Oken in his mystical <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Natur-Philosophie</i>. From other references in Godron’s work <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Sur l’Espece</i>, it seems that Bory <abbr class="name"><abbr>St.</abbr></abbr> Vincent, Burdach, Poiret and Fries, have all admitted that new species are continually being produced. I may add, that of the thirty-four authors named in this Historical Sketch, who believe in the modification of species, or at least disbelieve in separate acts of creation, twenty-seven have written on special branches of natural history or geology. <a href="preamble.xhtml#noteref-3" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>

2
src/epub/toc.xhtml
View file

@ -404,7 +404,7 @@
<a href="text/loi.xhtml" epub:type="backmatter loi">List of Illustrations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="text/endnotes.xhtml" epub:type="backmatter rearnotes">Endnotes</a>
<a href="text/endnotes.xhtml" epub:type="backmatter endnotes">Endnotes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="text/colophon.xhtml" epub:type="backmatter colophon">Colophon</a>