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Add modernization section to poem how-to

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EmmaSweeney 2024-05-08 15:47:23 -04:00 • committed by Alex Cabal
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www/contribute/how-tos/how-to-structure-and-style-large-poetic-productions.php
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@ -17,6 +17,20 @@
<li><p><a href="#a-single-collections-file">A single collections file</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="#multiple-files">Multiple files</a></p></li>
</ol>
<li><p><a href="#modernizing-poetic-works">Modernizing poetic works</a></p></li>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="#modernize-prose-frontmatter-and-backmatter">Modernize prose frontmatter and backmatter</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="#modernize-poems-carefully">Modernize poems <i>carefully</i>!</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="#modernization-exceptions">Modernization exceptions</a></p></li>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="hyphenations-and-spacings">Hyphenations and spacings</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="mismatched-diacritics">Mismatched diacritics</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="unusual-pronunciations">Unusual pronunciations</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="eye-rhymes">Eye rhymes</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="uncommon-contractions">Uncommon contractions</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="archaisms">Archaisms</a></p></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><p><a href="#unusual-formatting">Unusual formatting</a></p></li>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="#verse-paragraphs">Verse paragraphs</a></p></li>
@ -83,6 +97,114 @@
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span></code>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<h2 id="modernizing-poetic-works">Modernizing poetic works</h2>
<p>Do not run <code class="bash"><b>se</b> modernize-spelling <u>.</u></code> on poetry projects. Because changes can affect the rhythm of poetry, we generally do much less modernization than for other projects, so words like “to-day” and “some one” wouldn’t be modernized as they usually would be.</p>
<aside class="alert">
<p>If you’re not sure about whether it makes sense to modernize a specific word, please ask on the <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/standardebooks">mailing list</a>.</p>
</aside>
<h3 id="modernize-prose-frontmatter-and-backmatter">Modernize prose frontmatter and backmatter</h3>
<p>Prose elements, such as poem titles, dedications, prefaces, and endnotes should have spelling, hyphenation, spacing in select words modernized as normal. See the step “<a href="producing-an-ebook-step-by-step.php#modernize">Modernizing Spelling and Hyphenation</a>” in the Step by Step guide.</p>
<p>You can target specific files with the <code class="bash"><b>se</b> modernize-spelling</code> tool.</p>
<code class="terminal">
<span><b>se</b> modernize-spelling src/epub/text/preface.xhtml</span>
<span><b>se</b> modernize-spelling src/epub/text/endnotes.xhtml</span>
</code>
<h3 id="modernize-poems-carefully">Modernize poems <i>carefully</i>!</h3>
<p>The <code class="bash"><b>se</b> modernize-spelling</code> tool can modernize word spellings without dehyphenating words, but for poetry you must still carefully review each change to ensure it does not affect the sound of the line.</p>
<code class="terminal"><span><b>se</b> modernize-spelling --no-hyphens src/epub/text/book<i class="glob">*</i></span></code>
<h3 id="modernization-exceptions">Modernization exceptions</h3>
<p>While there are no set guidelines, it’s worth noting that there are certain situations where it is advisable to preserve the original spelling. To help with this, here’s a list of specific scenarios where modernizing the spelling may be incorrect.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<h4 id="hyphenations-and-spacings">Hyphenations and spacings</h4>
<aside class="tip">
<p>If a poetic work is translated from its original language, dashes can be normalized.</p>
<code class="terminal"><span><b>se</b> find-mismatched-dashes <u>.</u></span></code>
</aside>
</li>
<li>
<h4 id="mismatched-diacritics">Mismatched diacritics</h4>
<p>In the realm of poetry, diacritics play an important role. They are utilized for multiple reasons, such as marking stresses on less common syllables, clarifying emphasis in cases where the distinction is metrically significant, or indicating the pronunciation of typically silent letters.</p>
<p>The <code class="bash"><b>se</b> find-mismatched-diacritics</code> tool will flag these for review. Make sure to verify that the diacritics match the source scans.</p>
<figure class="html full">
<code class="html full">...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>The <b>wingéd</b> hounds of Winter ceased to bay.<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>The stupor of a doom completed lay<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...</code>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<h4 id="unusual-pronunciations">Unusual pronunciations</h4>
<p>In poetry, a perfect rhyme scheme is sometimes achieved by using archaic words that may have a different pronunciation from their modern counterparts. This technique enables the poet to maintain a consistent rhyme pattern throughout their work.</p>
<p>In the example, <code class="bash"><b>se</b> modernize-spelling</code> will want to change “sate” to “sat” and “shew” to “show”, but these words are not sound-alike changes.</p>
<figure class="html full">
<code class="html full">...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Where Dankwart with his yeomen still at the table <b>sate</b>;<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>There rose between the heroes a strife of deadly <b>hate</b>.<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Shone never on a braver scene than <b>that</b>.<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Here was a prison, there a Man who <b>sat</b><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>The flowers de luce, and the sparks of <b>dew</b><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>That hung upon their azure leaves did <b>shew</b><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Its solid truth seems change to <b>undergo</b>;<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Its largest square doth yet no corner <b>show</b><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...</code>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<h4 id="eye-rhymes">Eye rhymes</h4>
<p>In some cases, a poet is unable to create a perfect rhyme, resorting to an eye rhyme. An <i>eye rhyme</i>, also called a <i>visual rhyme</i>, is when two words are spelled similarly but pronounced differently.</p>
<p>In the example, the poet uses the obsolete spelling of “die” to create a visual rhyme.</p>
<figure class="html full">
<code class="html full">...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>The beasts we daily see massacred <b>dy</b><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>...<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>And men themselves do change <b>continually</b>,<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...</code>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<h4 id="uncommon-contractions">Uncommon contractions</h4>
<p>Poetry often employs uncommon contractions that are considered as an essential part of its style. These contractions are best left unchanged.</p>
<figure class="html full">
<code class="html full">...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Thanks, <b>i’ faith</b>, for silence is only commendable<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>That he is constant; for <b>i’faith</b> I swear,<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Stand <b>to ’t</b> (quoth she) or yield to mercy:<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>I have bound thee <b>to’t</b> by death.<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...</code>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<h4 id="archaisms">Archaisms</h4>
<p>Some poets use archaisms to imitate very old or antiquated styles of English spellings to make the work seem older.</p>
<figure class="html full">
<code class="html full"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>The Patron of true Holinesse<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Foule Errour doth defeate;<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Hypocrisie, him to entrappe,<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">/&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Doth to his home entreate.<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span></code>
</figure>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<h2 id="unusual-formatting">Unusual formatting</h2>
<p>Poetry is a diverse art form that offers a wide range of distinctive types, each with its own unique visual appeal. In fact, poetry can take on various unconventional formats that add to its artistic charm. Below are some uncommon formatting styles you may come across while producing a poetry production.</p>
@ -155,7 +277,9 @@
</figure>
<h3 id="dropped-lines">Dropped lines</h3>
<p>A dropped line is a stylistic technique in which a single line of verse is divided into two or three distinct phrases. This technique is similar to the use of caesuras, although it differs in that the breaks do not appear in every line, and the phrases themselves are separated by line breaks rather than a large space.</p>
<aside class="warning">If a line of text is broken into <i>more than three phrases</i>, you should use the classes <code class="bash"><span class="s">i1</span></code>, <code class="bash"><span class="s">i2</span></code>, <code class="bash"><span class="s">i3</span></code>, etc. for indentation.</aside>
<aside class="tip">
<p>If a line of text is broken into <i>more than three phrases</i>, you should use the classes <code class="bash"><span class="s">i1</span></code>, <code class="bash"><span class="s">i2</span></code>, <code class="bash"><span class="s">i3</span></code>, etc. for indentation.</p>
</aside>
<p>When dealing with two separate phrases, the parent <code class="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span></code> has a <code class="html">class="dl2"</code> attribute.</p>
<picture>
<source srcset="images/dropped-lines-1@2x.avif 2x, images/dropped-lines-1.avif 1x" type="image/avif"/>