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<section class="narrow">
<h1>Blog</h1>
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<p>
<a href="/blog/the-book-that-solved-philsophy">The Book That Solved Philosophy</a>
<a href="/blog/the-book-that-solved-philosophy">The Book That Solved Philosophy</a>
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<p>
<a href="/blog/a-kind-of-bolshevism-in-an-uncanny-bookshop">A Kind of Bolshevism in an Uncanny Bookshop</a>

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<p>The <i><a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/ludwig-wittgenstein/tractatus-logico-philosophicus/c-k-ogden">Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus</a></i> was the only philosophical work he published during his lifetime, and despite its brevity it has earned a well-deserved reputation for obscurity. It primarily concerns the relationship between language and the world, but also responds to then-recent advances in logic made by the German mathematician Gottlob Frege and the English philosopher <a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/bertrand-russell">Bertrand Russell</a>.</p>
<p>Wittgenstein took a hiatus from research in aeronautical engineering in October 1911 in order to travel to Cambridge to study with Russell. This had been the recommendation of Frege, whom Wittgenstein had visited earlier that year after becoming captivated by logic and the foundations of mathematics.</p>
<p>In 1913 Wittgenstein spent time in Norway working on logic. While mostly alone, he did accept visitors, among them the Cambridge philosopher and author of <a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/g-e-moore/principia-ethica"><i>Principia Ethica</i></a>, <a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/g-e-moore">G. E. Moore</a>, to whom Wittgenstein dictated some notes. In 1915, while a volunteer in the Austro-Hungarian army, he began transforming his notes on logic into the treatise published in German as <i>Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung</i> and in English as <i>Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus</i>, a title suggested by Moore as a reference to Spinoza’s <i>Tractatus Theologico-Politicus</i>.</p>
<p>Wittgenstein was determined to find a publisher but struggled to do so. The <i>Tractatus</i> would eventually first appear in English in 1922, in an English-German parallel text edition translated by Frank Ramsey (even though Ramsey's publisher, C. K. Ogden, took credit), and with an introduction by Russell. Despite the translation’s reputation for awkward literalness, it’s of considerable historical importance, as Wittgenstein himself read and corrected it, <a href="https://archive.org/details/letterstockogden0000witt/mode/1up">sending his comments</a> and suggestions to Ogden.</p>
<p>Wittgenstein was determined to find a publisher but struggled to do so. The <i>Tractatus</i> would eventually first appear in English in 1922, in an English-German parallel text edition translated by Frank Ramsey (even though Ramsey’s publisher, C. K. Ogden, took credit), and with an introduction by Russell. Despite the translation’s reputation for awkward literalness, it’s of considerable historical importance, as Wittgenstein himself read and corrected it, <a href="https://archive.org/details/letterstockogden0000witt/mode/1up">sending his comments</a> and suggestions to Ogden.</p>
<p>Wittgenstein would later turn away from some of the main conceptions of the <i>Tractatus</i>, but <a href="https://archive.org/details/letterstorussell00witt_0/page/70/mode/1up?q=%22life%27s+work%22">in a letter</a> to Russell from 12 June 1919, referred to it as his life’s work.</p>
<p>Because of Russell’s reputation in England, and Wittgenstein’s lack of one, the former’s introduction to the <i>Tractatus</i> was instrumental in securing the book’s publication. Wittgenstein, however, was unhappy with Russell’s summary.</p>
<p>It wasn’t the first time he’d felt his ideas to have been misunderstood by his former mentor: discussing the manuscript of the <i>Tractatus</i> that he had had sent to Russell, he took the opportunity to <a href="https://archive.org/details/letterstorussell00witt_0/page/71/mode/1up">restate its main point in another letter to Russell</a>:</p>